包含literaryfields的词条

英文简介 信达雅原则的英文翻译版 500~1000字

Yan Fu studied at the Fujian Arsenal Academy (福州船政学堂) in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. In 1877–79 he studied at the Navy Academy in Greenwich, England. Upon his return to China, he was unable to pass the Imperial Civil Service Examination, while teaching at the Fujian Arsenal Academy and then Beiyang Naval Officers' School (北洋水师学堂) at Tianjin.

It was not until after the Chinese defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95, fought for control of Korea) that Yan Fu became famous. He is celebrated for his translations, including Thomas Huxley's Evolution and Ethics, Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, John Stuart Mill's On Liberty and Herbert Spencer's Study of Sociology. Yan critiqued the ideas of Darwin and others, offering his own interpretations.

The ideas of "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest" were introduced to Chinese readers through Huxley's work. The former idea was famously rendered by Yan Fu into Chinese as tianze (天择).

He became a respected scholar for his translations, and became politically active. In 1895 he was involved in the Gongche Shangshu movement. In 1912 he became the first principal of National Peking University (now Peking University).

He became a royalist and conservative who supported Yuan Shikai (袁世凯) and Zhang Xun (张勋) to proclaim themselves emperor in his later life. He also participated the foundation of Chouanhui (筹安会), an organization which supported restoring monarchy. He has laughed at "New Literature Revolutionaries" like Hu Shi (胡适).

Yan stated in the preface to his translation of Evolution and Ethics (天演论) that "there are three difficulties in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance" (译事三难：信达雅). He did not set them as general standards for translation and did not say that they were independent of each other. However, since the publication of that work, the phrase "faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance" has been attributed to Yan Fu as a standard for any good translation and has become a cliché in Chinese academic circles, giving rise to numerous debates and theses. Some scholars argue that this dictum actually derived from British theoretician of translation, Alexander Fraser Tytler.

Infromation from wikpedia

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Preliminary Study of

Yan Fu¡¯s Main Translation Thought

Abstract: Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance are Yan Fu¡¯s main translation thought. Faithfulness means that the translator should transmit the meanings or thoughts from the originals during translating. Expressiveness demands that the version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense. Elegance is also a standard of Yan Fu¡¯s translation thought. Translating is not to copy information from the original, but a creative project. ¡°The criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance summarized the scattered translation views in theory, brought up a standard for the later translation theory specific and practical, and promoted the Chinese translation theory up to a new stage¡±(ºØÏÔ±ó£¬2002).

Key words: Translation; Yan Fu; Faithfulness; Expressiveness; Elegance

I. Introduction Yan Fu, the great translator, educationist in modern history of China, was born in Fujian province. In 1886, he passed the entrance examination of Mawei Ships and Military School by high score. After graduation, he received a practical training in a naval vessel. In 1877, as a member of the navy, he went to the British Imperial Navy School for study. During those times, he studied the professional knowledge. Besides, he gave his mind to western philosophy, sociology and politics. Later, he has made a survey of the justice process in British court, and then compared with that in China. After he retuned, he served the post of the coach in Mawei Ships and Military School.

Except the political and academic articles, most of Yan Fu¡¯s works are about translation. His contributions to translation include two aspects: theory and practice. In theory, the greatest achievement is that he brought up ¡°faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance¡± (Ñϸ´£¬1986), which summarized the scattered translation views in theory, brought up a standard for the later translation theory specifically and practically, and promoted the Chinese translation theory up to a new stage.

II. The Core of Yan Fu¡¯s Translation Thought

Since Yan Fu brought up the ¡°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance¡±, it became the condensation of the translation theory in ancient China, and the focus of modern translation study. Some people regarded them as principles, some considered them were theories, and some thought they were standards. Each famous people of the translation circle aired their own views, commendatory or derogatory, but no one could surpass them. Therefore, some thought that studying the ¡°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance¡± is equal to study the whole translation theories of China. Thus it can be seen, Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance influenced profoundly in the translation circle of China.

In the different period, different people in the translation circle had different viewpoints to the ¡°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance¡±. Lin Yutang brought up the standard of ¡°Faithfulness, Fluency and Beauty¡±, but this doesn't overstep the ¡°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance¡±(ÁÖÓïÌã¬1937).

Mentioning the standard of ¡°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance¡±, most scholars don¡¯t think to deny it or discard it simply, but amend it or expound it. Some people stated the standard from the angle of linguistics: Faithfulness is the equivalents of meanings, Expressiveness is the equivalents of the styles of writing, and Elegance is the equivalents of the functions. Some thought Yan¡¯s standard is a pattern of translation. It promotes esthetics of phraseology to the peak.

Faithfulness means that the translator should transmit the meanings or thoughts from the originals during translating. In other words, the translation should reflect the whole information accurately and completely. The information maybe include the meanings and thoughts of the author, the culture and customs of a country, the life-style and the way of thinking of the people and so on.

Then, how to achieve it during translating? First of all, comprehensive quality of the translator is very important. That is, he should learn the culture and customs of other countries directly or indirectly. One of the ways may be to read a lot of books, materials or works on many subjects, to study in many fields, such as literature, history, philosophy, and astronomy, geography. Second, he should learn the culture and customs of other countries directly or indirectly. According to Yan Fu, to learn the western culture and custom, the best way is to study the foreign language, then read the western books, observe and learn from the western life(Ñϸ´£¬1986). To achieve this, one cannot only learn the western culture realistically, but also read books unlimitedly.

Therefore, to achieve Faithfulness during translating, one may learn the foreign culture by learning its language first. Then receive more knowledge indirectly. Besides, it¡¯s also an effective way to live abroad for some periods. After being a member of the society of country, you will learn much more things at there gradually.

According to Yan Fu, Expressiveness in translating means the translation should be logical. If the translation is just a collection of all the information from the originals, the readers couldn¡¯t understand it. Of course, as a translator, to make readers catching the general idea of the translation is the basic work.

However, how to achieve Expressiveness when translating? It all depends. Expressiveness dose not mean that translator will use the same, single way to treat different kinds of originals. That is, different originals will be treated in different ways. For example, literature will be translated in literature languages, political works will be stated in some political terms, while when you translating something about medical, technology, law, the related terminologies should be used accurately and properly, that is, if the scientific technicalities are used in a poem improperly, readers will be not understand it correctly. Therefore, to achieve Expressiveness, one should learn the characters of different kinds of types of writing and choose the proper way to express it.

Elegance is also a standard of Yan¡¯s translation thought. Translating is not the information copied from the originals, but a creative project. A perfect translation is not only faithful and expressive, but also elegant. Elegance is the higher request of language. That is, the translation should be elegant.

III. Conclusion Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance formed a whole translation thought. But they play different roles in it. Some people thought, the effective Faithfulness is the preliminary level of Expressiveness, and Expressiveness is the higher level of Faithfulness, while the Expressiveness is the highest level of Faithfulness and Expressiveness.

In a word, Yan Fu¡¯s translation theory of ¡°Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance¡± influenced the translation circle deeply. A lot of scholars study it, and think it is an effective standard. The criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance summarized the scattered translation views in theory, brought up a standard for the later translation theory specific and practical, and promoted the Chinese translation theory up to a new stage.

英语文言文翻译

1. 求英语有趣的小文章（要有翻译）

1.Learning:A Lifelong Career【学习：一生的事业】 As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, *** ysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a mon fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will e to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵，就像食物之于身体一样。

摄取了适量的营养食物，我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地，我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力，并扩充我们的智力容量。

不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料，来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法，也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。

一旦学习停止，单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。

相反地，学习应该是一种无终止的历程，从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动，只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。

更糟的是，蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的 *** 本能就会复活，削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志，弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心，而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。

因此，为了保持心理年轻，我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 2.heavy shoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded *** s. High should be allowed more time for play. Plying is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了，虽然说学生的确应当念书，但是要想长大成为健全的人，他门还需要一些其它的东西，所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。

娱乐并不如某些人所想的，是在浪费时间，它可以让学生锻炼身体，发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外，繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张，这对身心都有害。

我并非主张废除学校课业，但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 3.Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I've done will give me some ideas on how to reanize my time. 时光一去不复返，这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。

我浪费很多时间四处游荡，以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为；该是痛改前非的时候了。

现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时，这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。

我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。

4.Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they plement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get 。

2. 英语古文翻译（汉译英）

LiWang is brutal, the people accused of the king. Notice about the response: "People are now fed up with life ah!"LiWang irritated, to find (a) of the shaman to defend the country and let him watch the person accused. (Who) the defendant made to kill him. People did not dare to speak, the road (with noodles) with your eyes (each other) say hello. LiWang very happy to tell the public response, said: "I can put an end to accusations, ah, did not dare to speak." Public response, said: "This is a barrier they ah. Anti-people's mouth water even more difficult than the anti-chuan. River and then plug the breach, harm must be more people (resentment) is also true. Therefore, those who dug the river management Cypriot lines open to allow water in accordance with the guidance (direction) pouring, the people who control the floor so that they vent. So hearing the Son of Heaven, let out a disability Gongqing to offer poetry. blind Officer Qu Xian (folk songs), historian Xian (Wang ancient records deeds of the) book, read Proverbs division officer, official read off Fu, Meng official reading, Baiguan remonstrate, the people (mouth) talk, (the king side) to make every effort to administrations around Fadu bound (King), as a remedy helped relatives View, blind, historian (responsibilities) is (with songs and historical facts) teaching (King), all these teachers, and then an *** ysis of the king of their decision-making, so that (the king) will not be doing things fallacy. people have a mouth, as the earth has mountains and rivers, the use of the property of things (are) out of this, as it is easy to multiply the fertile fields of the low humidity, clothing, growing food here (out). I say it in words, (political) mixed in This is (significantly) e out, the implementation of a good (policy) with (formerly) the experience of failure, which is used to increase the (state) property, (the people) ah the basis of food and clothing. the public mind that from the mouth out how good the implementation of which could be plugged in on the ah? If they plug the mouth, it can block for how long? " LiWang do not listen to the people at this time did not dare to speak, after three years, (LiWang) was banished to the swine.。

3. 英语翻译要附上古文最好

家无长物王恭从会稽①还，王大看之.见其坐六尺簟②因语恭："卿东来③，故应有此物，可以一领及我."恭无言.大去后，即举所坐者送之.即无余席，便坐草席上.后大闻之，甚惊，曰："吾本谓卿多，故求耳."对曰："丈人④不悉恭，恭作人无长物.⑤" 注释：① 会稽：会读guì （贵）.古郡名，今浙江绍兴.② 簟：读diàn（店）竹席.一说是细草席.③ 东来：从东方归来.④ 丈人：古时候卑幼称尊长为丈人，后人专以之称妻之父.⑤ 长物：长cháng，多余的东西.今译：王恭从会稽回到家里，王大去看望他.看见王恭坐着一块方圆六尺的竹席，王大便对王恭说："你从东面回来，所以有这种物品，给我一领吧."王恭没说话.王大去后，王恭便将自己坐的那领竹席派人送给了他.而他自己没了竹席，便坐在草席上.后来王大听说了这件事，很是惊讶，对王恭说道："我以为你有许多，所以才向你要，哪知……".王恭笑道："您不了解我，我作人从来没有多余的东西."。

4. 文言文（古文）用英语怎么说

文言文（古文） 用英语表达 翻译如下： Classical Chinese (ancient Chinese) 重点词汇释义： 文言文：classical style of writing 古文：prose written in the classical literary style; ancient style prose; ancient Chinese prose； （秦以前的字体） Chinese script before the Qin Dynasty。

5. 初中的文言文的英文翻译

《守株待兔》的【英语翻译】：

Staying by a Stump Waiting for More Hares To Come and Dash Themselves Against It

This story took place more than 2,000 years ago,in the Warring States period(475-221 B.C.).Tradition has it that in the State of Song at that time there was a man who was famous for staying by a stump waiting for more hares to e and dash themselves against it.

He was a yong farmer,and his family had been farmers for generations.Year after year and generation after generation, farmers used to sow in spring and harvest in autumn,beginning to work at sunrise and retiring at sunset.In good harvest years,they could only have enough food to eat and enough clothing to wear.If there was a famine due to crop failure,they had to go hungry.

This young farmer wanted to improve his life.But he was too lazy and too cowardly.Being lazy and cowardly over everything,he often dreamed of having unexpected blessings.

A miracle took place at last. One day in late autumn,when he was ploughing in the field,o groups of people were hunting nearby.As shoutings were rising one after another,scared hares were running desperately.Suddenly,a blind hare dashed itself headlong against the stump of a dead tree in his field and died.

That day,he ate his fill.

From that day on,he no longer went in for farming again.From morning till night,he stayed by that miraculous stump,waiting for miracles to take place again.

This story es from"The Five Vermin"in The Works of Han Feizi.Later generations often use the set phrase"staying by a stump waiting for more hares to e and dash themselves against it"to show grusting to chance and windfalls or dreaming to reap without sowing.It is also used to show adhering to narrow experiences and not being able to be flexible.

不知道算不算？

6. 英语翻译跪求短篇文言文和他的翻译,还有中心,我要20篇,最好字少

刻舟求剑 楚人有涉江者，其剑自舟中坠于水。

遽契其舟，曰：“是吾剑之所从坠。”舟止，从其所契者入水求之。

舟已行矣，而剑不行。求剑若此，不亦惑乎！刻舟求剑 战国时，楚国有个人坐船渡江。

船到江心，他一不小心。把随身携带的一把宝剑掉落江中。

他马上掏出一把小刀，在船舷上刻上一个记号，说：“这是我宝剑落水的地方，所以我要刻上一个记号。” 船靠岸后，那楚人立即从船上刻记号的地方跳下水去捞取掉落的宝剑。

捞了半天，仍不见宝剑的影子。 其实他又怎么找得到宝剑呢？船继续行驶，而宝剑却不会再移动。

像他这样去找剑，真是太愚蠢可笑了。中心：世界上所有事情都是不断变化的，要用变化的眼光来看待事物拔苗助长 宋人有悯其苗之不长而揠之者，芒芒然归，谓其人曰：“今日病矣！予助苗长矣。

”其子趋而往视之，苗则槁矣。天下之不助苗长者寡矣。

以为无益而舍之者，不耘苗者也；助之长者，揠苗者也。非徒无益，而又害之。

古宋国有个人，他嫌禾苗长得太慢，就一棵棵地往上拔，很疲惫的样子回了家对家人说：“今天可把我累坏了，我帮助苗长高了一大截！”他儿子听说后急忙到地里去看苗，苗都死了。 中心：遇事如果不从客观实际出发，只能是好心办坏事滥竽充数 滥竽充数 齐宣王使人吹竽，必三百人。

南郭处士请为王吹竽。宣王悦之，廪食以数百人。

宣王死，闵王立。 好一一听之。

处士逃。齐宣王让人吹竽，一定要三百人一起吹。

南郭处士请求为齐宣王吹竽，宣王很高兴。官仓供养的乐手有好几百人。

齐宣王死后，他的儿子王继位。王也喜欢听吹竽，但他喜欢让他们一个一个地吹，南郭处士只好逃走了。

中心：比喻无本领的冒充有本领，次货冒充好货。 叶公好龙 叶公好龙，室中雕文尽以为龙。

于是天龙闻而下之，窥头于牖，拖尾于堂。叶公见之，弃而还走，失其魂魄，五神无主。

是叶公非好龙也，夫似龙而非龙也。从前有个叫叶公的人非常喜欢龙。

在他的家里，墙上画着龙，柱子上雕着龙，穿的 盖的上面都绣着龙。天上的真龙听说叶公喜欢龙，就来到叶公家拜访他，长长的尾 巴伸在堂上，把头探进窗户里张望。

叶公看到天上的真龙后，吓得魂飞胆破，脸色 都变色了，急忙躲起来。原来，叶公喜欢的不是真龙，而是那些画的、绣的、刻的假龙。

中心：比喻口头上说爱好某物，实际上并不喜欢。

谁能帮我找一篇关于政府雇员的英文原文？大概3000个词这样。急

这是06年政府工作雇员的报告. 加分后还有07年的

Report on the Work of the Government (2006)

Fellow Deputies:

On behalf of the municipal people’s government, I would like to present to you the following report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also welcome comments and suggestions on my report from the members of the Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and non-voting delegates.

I. Review of the Work in 2005 and Implementation of the Tenth Five- Year Plan

2005 was a year out of common, as we braved difficulties and hardships in an indomitable spirit and through our pioneering work. Under the leadership of the CPC Jiaxing Committee, we seriously carried out the scientific outlook on development, vigorously adapted to the national macroeconomic regulation, further promoted “the year of investment promotion”, “the year of project promotion”, and “the year of efficiency construction”, and overcame the restraints of productive elements and the bad influence of consecutive strong typhoons, we worked hard and innovatively, and the main goals and tasks made on the Third Session of the Fifth Municipal People’s Congress were smoothly completed.

1. Economic growth was fast yet steady. Jiaxing’s GDP totaled 115 billion yuan, an increase of 14% over the previous year. Primary industry increased by 3%, secondary industry 15%, and tertiary industry 14%. The municipal government revenue amounted to 13.49 billion yuan, including the local government revenue of 6.65 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7 % and 21.1% respectively over the previous year. Fixed assets investment across the city hit 72.9 billion yuan, an increase of 15% over the previous year.

Agri-economic growth was steady. We worked out and implemented Urban Agricultural Development Plan. We promoted the transformation of agriculture and its increase to raise the overall agricultural production capability. Grain planting area has been stabilized. The total grain output hit 1.195 million tons in 2005. Agricultural structure had been further optimized. The yields of husbandry, cultivation of special products, flowers, and quality fruits increased significantly. Development of tourism and sightseeing as well as ecological leisure farming had been quickened, with 28 various sightseeing and leisure agricultural parks across the city constructed. Industrialized agricultural operation was steadily boosted, increasing 22 flagship agricultural enterprises, and 41 farmers’ specialized cooperatives. Quality of agricultural products was improved owing to the vigorous promotion of standardized agricultural production, and progress was made in the control of animal and plant epidemic diseases. Famous, Special, Superior and New Agricultural Products Exhibition was successfully held in Shanghai.

Industrial economy acquired a substantial development. We further carried out the strategy of building Jiaxing through industry, and published The Direction Catalogue of Key Fields, Technologies and Products for Building an Advanced Manufacturing Base. Land, fund and other productive elements were centralized in competitive industries, and the industrial structure continued to be optimized. The output value, and profits and taxes of industrial enterprises above designated size totaled 210 billion yuan and 1.68 million yuan, an increase of 25% and 22% respectively. The industrial power consumption reached 12.3 billion KW/H, a rise by 19%. The output value of heavy industry rose by 27.1%, representing a 2.3% increase in the proportion of industrial economy. The output value of high-tech industry such as electronic information grew by 26%, higher than the average increasing speed of industry. More attention was paid to the development of circular economy and the intensive use of resources. The overall energy consumption for per 10 thousand output value of industrial enterprises fell by 7.3%. The project of brand names achieved actual effects, with 4 brand names of China and 20 famous trademarks of Zhejiang newly added.

Tertiary industry developed at a faster speed. We earnestly carried out The Overall Plan of the Development of Tertiary Industry and created a favorable atmosphere and environment for the growth of service sector. Retail sales of social consumables totaled 37 billion yuan, representing an increase of 14%. Jiaxing Exhibition Convention Center, the 1st phase of Integrated Logistics Park, and the 1st phase of Relocation and Construction of Haining Leather City were completed and put into use. Famous chain enterprises such as Lotus Supercentre, and Gome Electric Appliances settled in Jiaxing. The projects of Jiangnan Mall and International Zhonggang City have been boosted. The South Lake scenic spot has been listed as the classic scenic spot for national red tourism. Wuzhen town in Tongxiang has been erected as one of the Top Ten Famous Charming Towns in China. The total income from tourism has reached 10.67 billion yuan, an increase of 24.1%.

Open-oriented economy continued to grow. Foreign contracted investment hit US$ 2.5 billion and the foreign capital in actual use reached US$ 1.156 billion in 2005. With the impact of the state macroeconomic regulations and the change of element market, the goal in the actual use of foreign capital this year has not yet been achieved. A domestic capital of 6.3 billion yuan was introduced in 2005, increased by 21%. A total value of import and export amounted to US$ 9.8 billion, of which US$ 7 billion was for export, an increase of 23.7% and 37.1% respectively. Thirty six overseas enterprises were approved this year. Jiaxing Export Processing Zone has passed the State check. Great achievement has been made in regional cooperation. Production bases with about 3 million mu for sericulture and other farm products have been founded in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces.

2. Steady progress was made in urban and rural constructions. The widening project of Shanghai-Hangzhou Expressway has been completed. The construction of Hangzhou-Pudong and Shanghai-Jiaxing-Huzhou expressways, and the north bank connection line of Hangzhou Bay Bridge has been accelerated. Jiashan and Jiaxing-Huzhou Main Roads have been constructed and open to traffic. The rebuilding project for the urban section of 07 provincial highway has been primarily finished. Three over 10,000-ton docks have been built in Zhapu Port District. The construction of inland river ports for international container has been launched. 65% of the progress on the canal project in the southern outskirt has been covered. Dyke construction project along the Qiantangjiang River in Pinghu, Haiyan and Hanning has smoothly progressed. Construction of central city has been accelerated. The extended section of central ring east road and the rebuilding of Santa road have been basically completed. Renovation of small streets and lanes has been boosted in a comprehensive way. A 35,000 m2 of dangerous and old houses was removed. 1,400 mu green land has been increased in the city. And Jiaxing has been successfully listed as one of the state garden cities. The urban sanitation management was improved. “Digital City Management” was launched in an all-rounded scale, and the special renovation on “Three Disorders” and tricycle operation without license has acquired substantial effects. Thus, city management reached a higher level. Construction of power supply and power grids has been intensified. Hengyang and Xiexin projects of combined production of power and heat have been completed and put into operation. 1.62 million KVA of 110-KV or above power transforming capacity has been newly increased after the completion and operation of the capacity expansion project of 220-KV Qingshi power transformer station in Tongxiang and No.3 power transformer station in Jiashan. The urban and rural integration in public transportation and water supply has been quickened, with 1,502 km highway connecting villages and groups newly constructed, and lines of public buses available to 827 administrative villages. We started the construction of a water plant in Guanjing Port in the southern suburb, and speeded up the construction of water supply pipeline. Therefore, additional 315,000 people could enjoy water supply from the urban water supply pipeline. An integrated renovation of urban and rural environment has been implemented, with 1027.9km of waterways dredged, and 16 industrial pollution and sources of danger improved in the city area. Steady progress was made in the work on “Demonstration of Hundred Villages and Renovation of Thousand Villages”, with the percentage of centralized collection of rural domestic garbage reaching 90%.

3. Various reforms were deepened. We worked out Program for Further Reform of Government Institutions, and completed the adjustment of “Three Fixes” program for eleven municipal institutions. Centralized examination and approval of administrative affairs continued to be expanded. The function of unified platform for bidding and tendering has been upgraded. The reform of public service institutions has smoothly progressed, with 87 municipal public service institutions being reformed. We intensified administration supervision, efficiency inspection and economic responsibility auditing. Steady progress has been made in the trials of comprehensive reform of towns in rural areas. We strengthened the supervision of state assets and made an inventory of the assets and liabilities of 13 municipal state-owned assets operation companies. The operational assets being supervised totals 31.22 billion yuan. Enterprise reform was deepened. Thirteen joint-stock companies were restructured, and one company was added to the listed companies. We vigorously fostered intermediary organizations and approved another 21 intermediary agencies. We seriously carried out and implemented the State Council’s eight measures on stabilizing house prices, set up real estate information sharing system and policy coordination to promote the healthy development of real estate. The promotion of individual loan credit and the credit of food safety helps improve social credit system and regulate market order.

4. Science，technology and education developed at a faster speed. Jiaxing Science Technology City was under construction. The Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiaxing Center Microsystem Institute and other 9 sub-centers have settled in Jiaxing. Zhejiang Tsinghua Yangtze River Delta Research Academy has started 15 national, provincial, and municipal scientific research projects. Fifteen municipal scientific and technological innovation and business establishment service centers and 8 provincial high-tech RD centers have been newly confirmed. The Municipal Scientific Innovation Center has been elected as national incubator for science and technology. Haining Base for New Textile Materials has been newly confirmed as a national industrial base with characteristics. The capacity for independent innovation of enterprises has been enhanced, with 26 projects listed in national Torch Program, and 11 products chosen as national new products. The arena for scientific and technical cooperation has been further broadened. The Ukrainian Day of science and technology in Jiaxing was successfully held, with agreement on mutual construction of the International Technology Transfer Center signed with Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, with 88 items of cooperative intentions agreed on. The transactions on online technical market have been in full swing, with 173 projects concluded and their agreements signed. The achievements in creating strong counties of education have been consolidated. Pinghu, Haiyan, and Tongxiang counties passed the re-assessment of provincial strong counties of education. We lead Zhejiang province in compulsory and senior middle school education. The promotion rate of junior secondary school graduates reached 94.1%. The ratio between general senior middle school education and vocational senior middle school education is 1:1. The percentage of students passing university entrance examination reached 90.7%. The conditions of school operation continued to be improved by the implementation of “Four Projects”(the expansion project of funding students from families with financial difficulties, the love project of nutritional meals, the project of renovating students’ canteens and dorms, the project of upgrading teacher’s quality) in rural primary and middle schools. Vigorous efforts were made to build provincial model schools. 101 primary and middle schools passed the provincial check of standardized school construction. The overall strength of Jiaxing University has been enhanced. The new campus of Jiaxing Vocational and Technological Institute has been built and put into use. The 3rd-phase construction for Jiaxing Nanyang Vocational and Technological Institute has been started. Jiaxing City University has been formally established. Enrolments of college students have reached 36,000 in Jiaxing. Reform of educational system has been accelerated, with 55 privately-run schools newly set up in Jiaxing.

5. New achievements have been made in various social undertakings. We organized intellectual and recreational activities in urban communities and the countryside, focusing on “Double Hundred, Double Thousand, and Double Ten Thousand” (organizing the activity of 100 films and 100 theatrical performances on the square in urban areas; organizing 1000 farmer entertainment teams, 1000 performances of plays, singing and dancing, 10,000 films and 10,000 books sent to the country and community across the city). Jiangnan Cultural Festival was successfully held. People enjoy rich cultural life. Literary and artistic creation has made abundant achievements, with 70 works awarded at the provincial level and higher. Haiyan Rolling Lanterns and other 6 folk arts were listed in the first directory of representatives of the provincial non-substantial cultural heritage. The Municipal Public Health Center has been built and put into use. Community health and medical services have progressed steadily. Therefore, the health and medical service system has been improved. Active part has been taken in controlling and preventing highly pathogenic bird flu. Prevention and cure of cholera has attained phasic success. The ability to respond to public health emergencies has been further improved. The medical market has been speeded to open to the foreign capital, and the first Chinese-Foreign Joint Venture Hospital – Zhejiang Xin’an International Hospital is under construction. Vigorous efforts have been made to create strong counties and towns of sports. Amateur and competitive sports got a coordinated development. Athletes of Jiaxing domicile won 5 gold medals in the 10th National Sports Game. The construction of Jiaxing Sports Center has made headway. Fitness Center for urban residents and Olympic Sports Center for the Disabled are under construction. Registration for general economic survey has been fully completed, and a sampling survey targeting about 1% of population started. Fresh achievements were made in the fields related to weather, archives, local annals, foreign affairs, overseas Chinese, and Taiwan.

6. A harmonious and stable society was maintained. We carried out the policy of employment priority. We organized The Employment Assistance Month focusing on “Four Provides and One Implement”(providing jobs, skills, services and policies; implementing the policies concerning social insurance allowances for the reemployment of people with difficulty in finding a job). We helped 8,584 people with difficulty in finding a job to be reemployed. The government overdue payments clear-up system and employment organization and labor inspection in enterprises have been improved to create a “wage-debt free city”. The municipal talent market and labor market has been integrated as human resources center whose service for the market has been upgraded. The coverage of social security continues to be broadened by having additional 54,000, 19,000, and 41,000 people joining in endowment, unemployment and birth insurance respectively. The construction of medical insurance system has been boosted rigorously and the number of people taking part in Urban Staff Basic Medical Insurance and Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance reached 616,000 and 2.275 million people respectively. The first hospital in favor of citizens with financial difficulty in Jiaxing was founded. The system of helping the poor and students with financial difficulty has been improved. 13.756 million yuan was raised to fund 28,000 students from poor families. Focusing on the ten practical things closely related to the production and the living of the citizens set by Jiaxing Municipal People’s Congress held in early 2005, we have made great efforts to ensure their timely completion by having them carried out separately and supervised. Importance has been attached to the work of ethnic affairs, religion, population and family planning. Great support has been given to develop the undertakings for the handicapped, charity, and volunteer service. Much work has been done to publicize universal law education and properly handle complaints from the people and contradictions among the people. We have attached much importance to production safety and attained the goal of “Three Zero Increases” (the number of safe production accidents and deaths, and the amount of direct economic loss not surpassing the controlling index set by Zhejiang Provincial Government). In accordance with the law, much work has been done to strengthen the improvement of public order through comprehensive measures and crack down on crimes and illegitimate activities. New achievements have been made in the construction of reserve forces for national defense. Jiaxing city has been awarded the advanced city for civil air defense.